What distinguishes a median from an altitude in a triangle?

The median of a triangle is defined as a line segment that connects a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side. This is a foundational aspect of triangle geometry. The point where the median meets the opposite side is crucial because it divides that side into two equal lengths, which is essential in many geometric constructions and proofs.

In contrast, an altitude is a perpendicular line segment from a vertex to the line containing the opposite side. The altitude does not necessarily connect to the midpoint of the opposite side, meaning it can vary in length depending on the triangle's shape and angles.

Therefore, the distinguishing feature of the median is its specific connection to the midpoint of the opposite side, highlighting its role in bisecting that side, while the altitude serves a different purpose by ensuring a right angle with the line containing the opposite side.